부동산 경매 민법 용어 공부

부동산 경매 민법 용어 공부

제185조(물권)
물권은 법률 또는 관습법에 의하는 외에는 임의로 창설하지 못한다.

제186조(부동산물권변동의 효력)
부동산에 관한 법률행위로 인한 물권의 득실변경은 등기하여야 그 효력이 생긴다.

제187조(등기를 요하지 아니하는 부동산물권취득)
상속, 공용징수, 판결, 경매 기타 법률의 규정에 의한 부동산에 관한 물권의 취득은 등기를 요하지 아니한다. 그러나 등기를 하지 아니하면 이를 처분하지 못한다.

제192조(점유권의 취득과 소멸)
①물건을 사실상 지배하는 자는 점유권이 있다. ②점유자가 물건에 대한 사실상의 지배를 상실한 때에는 점유권이 소멸한다.

제194조(간접점유)
지상권, 전세권, 질권, 사용대차, 임대차, 임치 기타의 관계로 타인으로 하여금 물건을 점유하게 한 자는 간접으로 점유권이 있다.

제195조(점유보조자)
가사상, 영업상 기타 유사한 관계에 의하여 타인의 지시를 받어 물건에 대한 사실상의 지배를 하는 때에는 그 타인만을 점유자로 한다.

제196조(점유권의 양도)
점유권의 양도는 점유물의 인도로 효력이 생긴다.

제211조(소유권)
소유자는 법률 내에서 그 소유물을 사용, 수익, 처분할 권리가 있다.

제212조(범위)
토지의 소유권은 정당한 이익 있는 범위 내에서 토지의 상하에 미친다.

제213조(소유물반환청구권)
소유자는 그 소유에 속한 물건을 점유한 자에 대하여 반환을 청구할 수 있다. 점유자가 그 물건을 점유할 권리가 있는 때에는 거부할 수 있다.

제214조(소유물방해제거)
소유자는 소유권을 방해하는 자에 대하여 방해의 제거를 청구할 수 있고 소유권을 방해할 염려 있는 행위를 하는 자에 대하여 그 예방이나 손해배상의 담보를 청구할 수 있다.

제215조(건물의 구분소유)
①수인이 한 채의 건물을 구분하여 각각 그 일부분을 소유한 때에는 건물과 그 부속물중 공용하는 부분은 그의 공유로 추정한다. ②공용부분의 보존에 관한 비용 기타의 부담은 각자의 소유부분의 가액에 비례하여 분담한다.

제245조(점유로 인한 부동산소유권의 취득기간)
①20년간 소유의 의사로 평온, 공연하게 부동산을 점유하는 자는 등기함으로써 그 소유권을 취득한다. ②부동산의 소유자로 등기한 자가 10년간 소유의 의사로 평온, 공연하게 선의이며 과실없이 그 부동산을 점유한 때에는 소유권을 취득한다.

제262조(물건의 공유)
①물건이 지분에 의하여 수인의 소유로 된 때에는 공유로 한다. ②공유자의 지분은 균등한 것으로 추정한다.

제263조(공유지분의 처분과 공유물의 사용, 수익)
공유자는 그 지분을 처분할 수 있고 공유물 전부를 지분의 비율로 사용, 수익할 수 있다.

제264조(공유물의 처분, 변경)
공유자는 다른 공유자의 동의 없이 공유물을 처분하거나 변경하지 못한다.

제265조(공유물의 관리, 보존)
공유물의 관리에 관한 사항은 공유자의 지분의 과반수로써 결정한다. 그러나 보존행위는 각자가 할 수 있다.

제279조(지상권의 내용)
지상권자는 타인의 토지에 건물 기타 공작물이나 수목을 소유하기 위하여 그 토지를 사용하는 권리가 있다.

제280조(존속기간을 약정한 지상권)
①계약으로 지상권의 존속기간을 정하는 경우에는 그 기간은 다음 연한보다 단축하지 못한다. 1.석조, 석회조, 연와조 또는 견고한 건물이나 수목의 소유를 목적으로 하는 때에는 30년 2.전호이외의 건물의 소유를 목적으로 하는 때에는 15년 3.건물이외의 공작물의 소유를 목적으로 하는 때에는 5년 ②전항의 기간보다 단축한 기간을 정한 때에는 전항의 기간까지 연장한다.

제281조(존속기간을 약정하지 아니한 지상권)
①계약으로 지상권의 존속기간을 정하지 아니한 때에는 그 기간은 전조의 최단존속기간으로 한다. ②지상권설 정당시에 공작물의 종류와 구조를 정하지 아니한 때에는 지상권은 건물의 소유를 목적으로 한 것으로 본다.

제286조(지료증감청구권)
지료가 토지에 관한 조세 기타 부담의 증감이나 지가의 변동으로 인하여 상당하지 아니하게 된 때에는 당사자는 그 증감을 청구할 수 있다.

제287조(지상권소멸청구권)
지상권자가 2년 이상의 지료를 지급하지 아니한 때에는 지상권설정자는 지상권의 소멸을 청구할 수 있다.

제303조(전세권)
①전세권자는 전세금을 지급하고 타인의 부동산을 점유하여 그 부동산의 용도에 좇아 사용 · 수익하며, 그 부동산 전부에 대하여 후순위권리자 기타 채권자보다 전세금의 우선변제를 받을 권리가 있다. ②농경지는 전세권의 목적으로 하지 못한다.

제304조(건물의 전세권, 지상권, 임차권에 대한 효력)
①타인의 토지에 있는 건물에 전세권을 설정한 때에는 전세권의 효력은 그 건물의 소유를 목적으로 한 지상권 또는 임차권에 미친다. ②전항의 경우에 전세권설정자는 전세권자의 동의 없이 지상권 또는 임차권을 소멸하게 하는 행위를 하지 못한다.

제305조(건물의 전세권과 법정지상권)
①대지와 건물이 동일한 소유자에 속한 경우에 건물에 전세권을 설정한 때에는 그 대지소유권의 특별승계인은 전세권 설정자에 대하여 지상권을 설정한 것으로 본다. 그러나 지료는 당사자의 청구에 의하여 법원이 이를 정한다. ②전항의 경우에 대지소유자는 타인에게 그 대지를 임대하거나 이를 목적으로 한 지상권 또는 전세권을 설정하지 못한다.

제306조(전세권의 양도, 임대 등)
전세권자는 전세권을 타인에게 양도 또는 담보로 제공할 수 있고 그 존속기간 내에서 그 목적물을 타인에게 전전세 또는 임대할 수 있다. 그러나 설정행위로 이를 금지한 때에는 그러하지 아니하다.

제312조(전세권의 존속기간)
①전세권의 존속기간은 10년을 넘지 못한다. 당사자의 약정기간이 10년을 넘는 때에는 이를 10년으로 단축한다.

②건물에 대한 전세권의 존속기간을 1년 미만으로 정한 때에는 이를 1년으로 한다.

③전세권의 설정은 이를 갱신할 수 있다. 그 기간은 갱신한 날로부터 10년을 넘지 못한다.

④건물의 전세권설정자가 전세권의 존속기간 만료 전 6월부터 1월까지 사이에 전세권자에 대하여 갱신거절의 통지 또는 조건을 변경하지 아니하면 갱신하지 아니한다는 뜻의 통지를 하지 아니한 경우에는 그 기간이 만료된 때에 전전세권과 동일한 조건으로 다시 전세권을 설정한 것으로 본다. 이 경우 전세권의 존속기간은 그 정함이 없는 것으로 본다.

제320조(유치권의 내용)
①타인의 물건 또는 유가증권을 점유한 자는 그 물건이나 유가증권에 관하여 생긴 채권이 변제기에 있는 경우에는 변제를 받을 때까지 그 물건 또는 유가증권을 유치할 권리가 있다. ②전항의 규정은 그 점유가 불법행위로 인한 경우에 적용하지 아니한다.

제321조(유치권의 불가분성)
유치권자는 채권전부의 변제를 받을 때까지 유치물 전부에 대하여 그 권리를 행사할 수 있다.

제322조(경매, 간이변제충당)
①유치권자는 채권의 변제를 받기 위하여 유치물을 경매할 수 있다. ②정당한 이유 있는 때에는 유치권자는 감정인의 평가에 의하여 유치물로 직접 변제에 충당할 것을 법원에 청구할 수 있다. 이 경우에는 유치권자는 미리 채무자에게 통지하여야 한다.

제323조(과실수취권)
①유치권자는 유치물의 과실을 수취하여 다른 채권보다 먼저 그 채권의 변제에 충당할 수 있다. 그러나 과실이 금전이 아닌 때에는 경매하여야 한다. ②과실은 먼저 채권의 이자에 충당하고 그 잉여가 있으면 원본에 충당한다.

제324조(유치권자의 선관의무)
①유치권자는 선량한 관리자의 주의로 유치물을 점유하여야 한다. ②유치권자는 채무자의 승낙 없이 유치물의 사용, 대여 또는 담보제공을 하지 못한다. 그러나 유치물의 보존에 필요한 사용은 그러하지 아니하다.

제356조(저당권)
저당권자는 채무자 또는 제삼자가 점유를 이전하지 아니하고 채무의 담보로 제공한 부동산에 대하여 다른 채권자보다 자기채권의 우선변제를 받을 수 있다.

제357조(근저당)
①저당권은 그 담보할 채무의 최고액만을 정하고 채무의 확정을 장래에 보류하여 이를 설정할 수 있다. 이 경우에는 그 확정될 때까지의 채무의 소멸 또는 이전은 저당권에 영향을 미치지 아니한다. ②전항의 경우에는 채무의 이자는 최고액 중에 산입한 것으로 본다.

제358조(효력의 범위)
저당권의 효력은 저당부동산에 부합된 물건과 종물에 미친다. 그러나 법률에 특별한 규정 또는 설정행위에 다른 약정이 있으면 그러하지 아니하다.

제359조(과실에 대한 효력)
저당권의 효력은 저당부동산에 대한 압류가 있은 후에 저당권설정자가 그 부동산으로부터 수취한 과실 또는 수취할 수 있는 과실에 미친다. 그러나 저당권자가 그 부동산에 대한 소유권, 지상권 또는 전세권을 취득한 제삼자에 대하여는 압류한 사실을 통지한 후가 아니면 이로써 대항하지 못한다.

제360조(피담보채권의 범위)
저당권은 원본, 이자, 위약금, 채무불이행으로 인한 손해배상 및 저당권의 실행비용을 담보한다. 그러나 지연배상에 대하여는 원본의 이행기일을 경과한 후의 1년분에 한하여 저당권을 행사할 수 있다.

제366조(법정지상권)
저당물의 경매로 인하여 토지와 그 지상건물이 다른 소유자에 속한 경우에는 토지소유자는 건물소유자에 대하여 지상권을 설정한 것으로 본다. 그러나 지료는 당사자의 청구에 의하여 법원이 이를 정한다.

제492조(상계의 요건)
①쌍방이 서로 같은 종류를 목적으로 한 채무를 부담한 경우에 그 쌍방의 채무의 이행기가 도래한 때에는 채무자는 대등액에 관하여 상계할 수 있다. 그러나 채무의 성질이 상계를 허용하지 아니할 때에는 그러하지 아니하다.

제618조(임대차)
임대차는 당사자 일방이 상대방에게 목적물을 사용, 수익하게 할 것을 약정하고 상대방이 이에 대하여 차임을 지급할 것을 약정함으로써 그 효력이 생긴다.

제622조(건물등기 있는 차지권의 대항력)
①건물의 소유를 목적으로 한 토지임대차는 이를 등기하지 아니한 경우에도 임차인이 그 지상건물을 등기한 때에는 제삼자에 대하여 임대차의 효력이 생긴다. ②건물이 임대차기간 만료 전에 멸실 또는 후폐한 때에는 전항의 효력을 잃는다.

 

Article 185 (Real rights)
Real rights cannot be created arbitrarily except in accordance with law or common law.

Article 186 (Effect of Changes in Real Property Rights)
Changes in the gains and losses of real rights due to legal acts on real estate must be registered to take effect.

Article 187 (Acquisition of real estate real rights that do not require registration)
The acquisition of real rights related to real estate under the provisions of inheritance, public collection, judgment, auction, and other laws does not require registration. However, it cannot be disposed of without registration.

Article 192 (Acquisition and Extinction of Ownership)
①He who practically controls things has the right to occupy. ②When the occupant loses de facto control of the object, the right to occupy expires.

Article 194 (Indirect possession)
Those who have caused others to occupy the goods due to superficies, lease rights, pledge rights, lease for use, lease, lease, etc. have indirect ownership.

Article 195 (Assistant Occupancy)
In the case of de facto control of an object under the direction of another person due to domestic affairs, business affairs, or similar relationships, only the other person shall be the occupant.

Article 196 (Transfer of ownership)
The transfer of the right of possession takes effect on the delivery of the possession.

Article 211 (Possession)
The owner has the right to use, profit, and dispose of the property within the law.

Article 212 (Scope)
Ownership of land extends to the top and bottom of the land to the extent of legitimate interest.

Article 213 (Right to claim return of property)
The owner may claim a return from the person who occupies the object belonging to his/her possession. If the possessor has the right to occupy the object, it may be rejected.

Article 214 (Removal of obstruction of property)
The owner may request the removal of obstruction from a person who interferes with ownership, and may request the prevention or security for damages from a person who performs an act that is likely to interfere with ownership.

Article 215 (Separate ownership of buildings)
①When several people divide a building and own a part of it, the common part of the building and its accessories shall be presumed to be its share. ②Expenses and other burdens related to the preservation of public parts shall be shared in proportion to the value of their own parts.

Article 245 (Period of acquisition of real estate ownership due to occupancy)
①A person who occupies real estate peacefully and openly with the intention of ownership for 20 years acquires ownership by registration. ②When a person registered as the owner of a real estate occupies the real estate in good faith and without negligence with the intention of ownership for 10 years, ownership is acquired.

Article 262 (Sharing of Goods)
①When an object is owned by several persons by equity, it shall be shared. ②The shareholder's share is estimated to be equal.

Article 263 (Disposition of public ownership and use of public property, profits)
The co-owner may dispose of the stake and use and profit all of the co-owned property as a percentage of the stake.

Article 264 (Disposition and alteration of public property)
The co-owner shall not dispose of or change the co-owned property without the consent of other co-owners.

Article 265 (Management and preservation of public property)
Matters concerning the management of public property shall be determined by a majority of the shares of the co-owner. But conservation can be done individually.

Article 279 (Content of superficies)
The superficies holder has the right to use the land to own buildings or other structures or trees on another person's land.

Article 280 (Territorial rights for which duration is agreed upon
①If the duration of the superficies is determined by a contract, the period shall not be shorter than the next period. 1. For the purpose of owning stone, limestone, lotus, or solid buildings or trees, for the purpose of owning a building other than the preceding item, 15 years 3. For the purpose of owning a structure other than the building, 5 years 전 If a shorter period than the period under the preceding paragraph is set, the period under the preceding paragraph shall be extended.

Article 281 (Territorial rights for which the duration of existence has not agreed)
①If the duration of the superficies is not determined by the contract, the period shall be the shortest duration under the preceding Article. ②If the type and structure of the structure of the structure are not determined at the time of the establishment of the superficies, the superficies shall be deemed to be for the purpose of ownership of the building.

Article 286 (Right to claim an increase or decrease in fees)
If the rent is not significant due to the increase or decrease in tax and other burdens on land or the change in land price, the party may request the increase or decrease.

Article 287 (Right to claim extinction of superficies)
If the superficies holder fails to pay more than two years of rent, the superficies setter may request the extinction of the superficies.

Article 303 (Lease of lease)
①The leaseholder pays the lease deposit, occupies the real estate of another person, uses and profits in accordance with the purpose of the real estate, and has the right to receive preferential repayment of the lease deposit over subordinated rights holders and other creditors. ②Agricultural land is not for the purpose of charter rights.

Article 304 (Effect of leasehold, superficies, and leasehold of a building)
①When the lease right is established in a building on another person's land, the effect of the lease right extends to the superficies or lease right for the purpose of owning the building. ②In the case of the preceding paragraph, the person who establishes the leasehold right shall not engage in an act of extinguishing the superficies or lease right without the consent of the leaseholder.

Article 305 (Right to lease a building and statutory superficies)
①When the land and the building belong to the same owner, when the lease right is established in the building, the special successor of the land ownership shall be deemed to have established the ground right for the lease right setter. However, the fee is determined by the court at the request of the party. ②In the case of the preceding paragraph, the landowner shall not lease the land to another person or establish a superficies or lease right for this purpose.

Article 306 (Transfer, Lease, etc. of Jeonse Rights)
The leaseholder may provide the lease right as transfer or collateral to another person, and may lease or lease the object to another person within the period of its existence. However, this is not the case when this is prohibited as an act of setting.

Article 312 (Duration of leasehold rights)
①The term of the leasehold right does not exceed 10 years. If the contract period of the parties exceeds 10 years, it shall be shortened to 10 years.

②When the duration of the lease right for a building is determined to be less than one year, it shall be one year.

③The establishment of leasehold rights can be renewed. The period shall not exceed ten years from the date of renewal.

④If the building's charter holder fails to notify the leaseholder of refusal of renewal or not to renew unless the conditions are changed between June and January before the expiration of the leasehold, the leasehold shall be deemed to have been re-established under the same conditions as the leasehold. In this case, the duration of the leasehold right is deemed to be not determined.

Article 320 (Content of lien)
①A person who occupies another person's goods or securities has the right to detain the goods or securities until they are reimbursed if the bonds arising from the goods or securities are in the period of repayment. ②The provisions of the preceding paragraph shall not apply to cases where the possession is caused by illegal acts.

Article 321 (Integrability of lien)
The lien holder may exercise his/her right to all of the retained property until he/she receives repayment of all of the claims.

Article 322 (Applicable for auction and simplified reimbursement)
①The lien holder may auction the lien to receive the reimbursement of the claim. ②If there is a justifiable reason, the lien holder may request the court to directly cover the reimbursement of the retained material by the appraiser's evaluation. In such cases, the lien holder shall notify the debtor in advance.

Article 323 (Right to receive negligence)
①The lien holder may receive the negligence of the lien and cover the repayment of the bond before other bonds. However, if the negligence is not money, it must be auctioned. ②Negligence is first covered by the interest on the bond, and if there is a surplus, it is covered by the original.

Article 324 (Obligation of the lien holder)
①The lien holder shall occupy the detainment with the care of a good manager. ②The lien holder shall not use, lend, or provide collateral without the debtor's consent. However, this is not the case for the use necessary for the preservation of detention.

Article 356 (Mandatory mortgage)
The mortgagee may receive preferential reimbursement of treasury bonds over other creditors for real estate provided by the debtor or a third party as collateral for the debt without transferring possession.

Article 357 (Law mortgage)
①Mortgages can be established by setting only the maximum amount of the debt to be secured and withholding the determination of the debt in the future. In this case, the extinguishment or transfer of the debt until it is confirmed does not affect the mortgage. ②In the case of the preceding paragraph, the interest on the debt shall be deemed to be included in the maximum amount.

Article 358 (Scope of Effect)
The effect of the mortgage extends to the goods and endings that conform to the mortgage real estate. However, this is not the case if there are special provisions in the law or other agreements in the act of establishment.

Article 359 (Effect of negligence)
The effect of the mortgage extends to the negligence received by the mortgage setter from the real estate or the negligence that can be received after the seizure of the mortgage real estate. However, the mortgagee cannot counter the seizure unless he/she notifies a third party who has acquired ownership, superficies, or leasehold rights of the real estate.

Article 360 (Scope of secured claims)
Mortgages guarantee the original, interest, penalty, damages caused by default, and the execution cost of the mortgage. However, for delayed compensation, the mortgage may be exercised only for one year after the date of performance of the original has elapsed.

Article 366 (Statutory Commercial Rights)
If the land and its ground building belong to another owner due to the auction of the mortgage, the landowner shall be deemed to have established ground rights for the building owner. However, the fee is determined by the court at the request of the party.

Article 492 (Requirements for offsetting)
①If both parties bear debts for the same kind of purpose, the debtor may offset the equivalent amount when the performance period of the debts of both parties arrives. However, this is not the case when the nature of the debt does not allow offset.

Article 618 (Lease)
The lease becomes effective when one of the parties agrees to let the other use and profit the object, and the other party agrees to pay the rent.

Article 622 (Competing power of lease right with building registration)
①Even if a land lease for the purpose of owning a building is not registered, the lease shall be effective against a third party when the lessee registers the ground building. ②If a building is destroyed or destroyed before the expiration of the lease period, the effect of the preceding paragraph shall be lost.