에니어그램 뜻, 9가지 유형 3개의 에너지

에니어그램 뜻, 9가지 유형 3개의 에너지

1. 개요
에니어그램이란 그리스어로 숫자 9를 의미하는 ‘에니어(ennea,)’라는 단어와 도형을 의미하는 ‘그라모스(grammos)’라는 단어의 합성어이다. 붙여 해석하면 ‘아홉 개의 점이 있는 도형’이라는 뜻이다. 에니어그램은 사람을 9가지 유형으로 분류하며, 세상의 모든 사람들은 그 중 하나의 유형에 속한다고 보고 있다. 하지만 이는 사람을 9가지 유형으로만 획일화 해 놓은 것이 아니라 사람들은 세상을 어떻게 보고 있는지, 가치관은 어떤지, 주로 어떤 관계를 맺고 있는지를 파악하는데 목적이 있다.

2. 검사 방법
대표적인 검사 방법으로는 두 가지가 있다. 하나는 ‘한국에니어그램교육연구소(KEEC)’ 윤운성 소장이 개발한 ‘한국형 에니어그램 성격유형검사(Korean Enneagram personality type Indicator: KEPTI)’로 국내에서 가장 많이 쓰이는 표준화 검사이다. 총 81문항으로 구성돼 있다. 나머지 하나는 ‘리소-허드슨 유형 분류 지표(Riso-Hudson Enneagram Type Indicator)’로 9가지 유형에 대한 질문들로 구성돼 있다. 총 144개의 문항으로 구성돼 있다.

검사를 통해 피검자는 자신이 가지고 있는 중심 에너지를 파악하게 된다. 중심에너지의 종류는 가슴(감정), 머리(사고), 장(본능) 이렇게 세 가지다. 사람들은 세 가지 에너지 중 하나에 자신의 에너지를 두고 살아간다. 각 유형마다 중점적으로 사용하는 에너지는 조금씩 다르며 그 차이에 따라 유형의 구분이 일어난다. 다음은 에니어그램의 3가지 종류의 중심에너지와 9가지의 각 유형에 대한 대략적인 설명이다.

1) 3가지 중심 에너지
장 중심
에너지의 중심을 본능(장)에 두고 살아가는 이들은 자신을 보호하기 위해 끊임없이 타인과 나를 구분하며 지키려는 경향이 있다. 에니어그램에서는 이를 ‘영역의 유지(Maintaining boundaries)’라고 지칭한다. 이들은 영역의 유지를 위해 감정 속에 ‘분노’를 안고 살아가는데, 이 분노는 일처리나 상황파악을 신속하고 정확하게 해주지만 때로는 타인의 감정을 무시하다 상대에게 상처를 줄 수도 있다. 에너지의 중심을 본능에 두고 살아가는 유형은 1번 유형, 8번 유형, 9번 유형이다.

가슴 중심
에너지의 중심을 감정(가슴)에 두고 살아가는 이들은 자신이 스스로에게 또는 타인에게 어떻게 보일 것인지 늘 고민하며 산다. 에니어그램에서는 이를 ‘자아 이미지(Self image)’라고 말한다. 따라서 이들의 주된 감정은 ‘수치심’으로 타인에게 늘 좋게 보이기 위해 노력하려는 경향이 있다. 이 수치심은 타인과의 원활한 관계 맺음에 도움을 준다. 하지만 때로는 타인과의 관계를 더 중요하게 여겨 상황을 감정적으로 판단하게 만들기도 한다. 에너지의 중심을 감정에 두고 살아가는 유형은 2번 유형, 3번 유형, 4번 유형이다.

머리 중심
에너지의 중심을 사고(머리)에 두고 살아가는 이들은 세상에 어떤 일이 일어날지 모른다는 것을 항상 걱정하면서 살아간다. 에니어그램에서는 이를 ‘걱정(Anxiety)’이라 표현한다. 이들의 감정은 세상을 살아가는 것을 위험하다 느끼고 있기에 ‘두려움’을 기본 정서로 가지고 살아간다. 이들은 늘 탐구하는 경향이 있으며 항상 행동에 앞서 생각하기를 좋아한다. 하지만 이러한 성향 탓에 타인의 입장에서는 답답하고 고집이 강한 사람으로 보일 수 있다. 에너지의 중심을 머리에 두고 살아가는 유형은 5번 유형, 6번 유형, 7번 유형이다.

2) 9가지 유형
1번 유형 : 개혁가
원칙을 중시하며 옳고 그름 따지기를 좋아하는 사람들이다. 상황을 개선시키기 위해 노력하며 실수를 두려워하는 교사이며 개혁주의자이다. 그러나 자칫 주변 사람들이 보기에 까다로워 보일 수 있다.

2번 유형 : 조력가
사람들을 잘 보살피고 대인 관계에 능수능란한 유형이다. 상대방의 감정에 공감을 잘하며 기본적으로 너그럽고 상냥하다. 단점으로는 감상적이라는 말을 들을 수 있으며 남들을 챙겨주다 정작 자신을 돌보지 못하는 경우가 있다.

3번 유형 : 성취자
상황 적응 능력이 뛰어나다. 목표가 확실해 항상 자신감이 넘치고 매력적이다. 남들의 시선을 지나치게 의식하는 경향이 있으며 과도한 경쟁의식으로 다른 이들에게 상처를 줄 수도 있다.

4번 유형 : 예술가
낭만적이고 감수성이 예민하며 내향적인 사람이다. 자아 성찰 능력이 뛰어나며 신중하고 조용하다. 자신의 감정을 정직하게 드러내는 편이다. 하지만 이로 인해 자의식 과잉이나 자기 연민에 빠지기 쉽다.

5번 유형 : 사색가
집중력이 강하며 지적 탐구를 즐긴다. 통찰력과 호기심이 강해 복잡하고 새로운 것을 배우는데 익숙하다. 몰두하는 것을 즐기기 때문에 다른 사람들과 떨어져 혼자만의 시간을 보내는 것을 좋아한다.

6번 유형 : 충성가
안전을 최고의 가치로 생각하는 유형이다. 이들은 근면 성실하며 책임감이 강하다. 조심성이 많으며 위험한 도전은 멀리하는 편이다. 전통을 중시하게 때문에 신중하고 보수적인 모습을 보일 때가 있다.

7번 유형 : 낙천가
긍정적이고 즉흥적인 생각들을 좋아하는 사람이다. 항상 새로운 흥미 거리를 찾아 헤매기 때문에 쉴 틈 없이 움직여 에너지를 소진시킨다. 참을성 없는 모습을 보이기도 하며 충동적인 경향이 강하다.

8번 유형 : 지도자
항상 자신감에 차 있고 자기주장이 강한 사람들이다. 이들은 자신의 강한 점과 약점을 잘 파악하고 있어 스스로를 보호하는데 능숙하다. 이런 모습이 타인을 존중하지 않는 사람으로 비쳐질 수 있다.

9번 유형 : 중재자
튀는 것을 싫어하며 느긋한 성격을 가지고 있다. 평화를 사랑하기 때문에 옳고 그름을 따지기보다 현상태를 유지하는 게 더 중요한 사람들이다. 때문에 수동적이고 고집스러운 면모를 가지고 있다.

3) 9개 유형을 이해하는 법 : 날개, 통합, 분열
에니어그램은 ‘사람의 기본 유형은 변하지 않지만 환경에 의해 각 성격이 긍정적 혹은 부정적으로 변화할 수 있다’고 본다. 한 가지의 성격 유형만을 순수하게 가진 사람은 아무도 없다. 모든 사람은 기본 유형과 인접한 두 개의 유형이 혼합되어 성격유형을 이룬다. 이때 인접한 두 유형을 ‘날개(Wing)’라고 표현하는데, 이는 성격유형 외에 자신의 느낌, 행동에 영향을 미치는 것으로 기본 유형 양쪽에 이웃한 두 개의 유형이 날개가 된다. 예를 들어 1번 유형의 날개는 9번, 2번 유형이 된다. 각 유형은 날개로 인해 부정적인 변화인 ‘분열’, 긍정적인 변화인 ‘통합’의 과정을 겪게 된다.

에니어그램 도형에 그어진 선분들은 각 유형들의 분열과 통합을 나타내고 있다. 통합은 각 유형들이 발전하는 것을 의미한다. 성장을 통해 자신이 가지고 있는 단점들을 보완하고 보다 더 나은 사람으로 거듭날 수 있게 된다. 반대로 분열은 충동적이고 무의식적으로 드러나는 단점들을 오랫동안 방치하면 일어나는 변화 양상이다. 분열은 기본 유형의 약점이 부각되기 시작할 때 나타나며 이를 방치할 경우 본인에게는 물론 주변 사람들에게도 좋지 않은 영향을 줄 수 있다.

예를 들어 8번 유형이 통합의 과정을 겪는다면 2번 조력가 유형처럼 남들을 보살피는 것에 관심을 가지게 된다. 이러한 성장을 통해 자신이 가지고 있는 단점들을 보완하고 보다 더 나은 사람으로 거듭날 수 있게 된다. 반대로 분열의 과정을 겪을 경우 5번 사색가 유형처럼 남들과 소통이 적어지게 되고 이 때문에 사회적으로 스스로를 더욱 고립시키는 단점이 부각될 수 있다.

3. 유의사항
우리는 스스로의 성격을 잘 모르고 있는 경우가 많다. 에니어그램에서는 검사 결과보다 결과와 자신을 비교하는 것이 더욱 중요하다. 검사 결과를 가지고 주변에 잘 아는 지인들과 이야기 해보며 진정한 나에 대해 돌아보는 시간이 필요하다. 다음은 검사 전 알아두어야 할 사항들이다.

① 모든 성격유형에 대한 설명은 국가, 성별과 무관하다.
② 모든 사람은 기본성격유형의 지배를 받지만, 여러 성격 유형이 혼합돼 나타난다.
③ 어떤 성격 유형이 더 좋고, 더 나쁘고는 없다. 각 유형은 장점과 단점이 있다. 그러나 특정 문화권에 따라 더 인정받고 선호되는 유형이 있는 것은 사실이다.

 

1. Overview
Eniagram is a combination of the Greek word "ennea", which means the number 9, and the word "grammos", which means a figure. It means "a figure with nine dots" when interpreted by attaching it. The Eniagram categorizes people into nine types, and everyone in the world sees them as one of the types. However, it is not just about unifying people into nine types, but it is aimed at understanding how people view the world, what values are, and what relationships they have.

2. Inspection method
There are two typical test methods. One is the Korean Enneagram personality type indicator (KEPTI) developed by Yoon Woon-sung, director of the Korea Enneagram Education Research Institute (KEEC), which is the most commonly used standardized test in Korea. It consists of 81 questions in total. The other is the Riso-Hudson Enneagram Type Indicator, which consists of questions about nine types. It consists of 144 questions in total.

Through the test, the subject identifies the central energy he or she has. There are three types of central energy: chest (emotion), head (accident), and intestine (instinct). People live with their energy in one of the three energy sources. The energy used mainly for each type is slightly different, and the type is classified according to the difference. The following is a rough description of the three types of central energy and each of the nine types of eniagram.

1) Three central energies
the center of the intestine
Those who live with the center of energy in their instincts (field) tend to constantly distinguish themselves from others and protect themselves. In the eniagram, this is referred to as 'maintaining boundaries'. They live with 'anger' in their emotions to maintain their territory, which allows them to quickly and accurately handle things or grasp the situation, but sometimes ignores other people's feelings It can hurt the other person. The types that live with the center of energy in their instincts are type 1, type 8, and type 9.

the center of the chest
Those who live with the center of energy in their hearts always think about what they will look like to themselves or others. This is called "self image" in Eniagram. Therefore, their main emotion is 'shame', and they tend to try to always look good to others. This shame helps you build a smooth relationship with others. However, sometimes they consider relationships with others more important and make them judge the situation emotionally. The types that live with the center of energy in their emotions are type 2, type 3, and type 4.

the center of one's
People who live with the center of energy in their minds always worry that they don't know what will happen to the world. This is described as "Anxiety" in the Eniagram. Their emotions feel dangerous to live in the world, so they live with 'fear' as a basic emotion. They always tend to explore and always like to think before action. However, due to this tendency, it can be seen as a frustrating and stubborn person from the perspective of others. The types that live with the center of energy in their heads are type 5, type 6, and type 7.

2) 9 Types
Type 1: Reformer
They are people who value principles and like to argue between right and wrong. He is a teacher and reformist who tries to improve the situation and fears mistakes. However, it may seem tricky to the people around you.

Type 2: Assistant
It is the type of person who takes good care of people and is skilled in interpersonal relationships. He is good at sympathizing with the other person's feelings and is basically generous and friendly. As a disadvantage, you can be said to be sentimental, and there are cases where you can't take care of yourself while taking care of others.

Type 3: Achiever
have excellent ability to adapt to situations He is always confident and attractive because he has a clear goal. They tend to be overly conscious of other people's eyes and may hurt others with excessive competition.

Type 4: Artist
He is a romantic, sensitive, introvert. He has excellent self-reflection skills and is cautious and quiet. I tend to express my feelings honestly. However, this makes it easy to fall into self-consciousness or self-pity.

Type 5: Thinker
He has a strong concentration and enjoys intellectual exploration. He is used to learning complex and new things because of his insight and curiosity. I like to spend time alone away from others because I enjoy being immersed.

Type 6: Loyalist
It's the type that thinks safety is the best value. They are diligent and responsible. He is cautious and tends to avoid dangerous challenges. There are times when they are cautious and conservative because they value tradition.

Type 7: Optimist
He is a person who likes positive and impromptu ideas. Because they are always searching for new interests, they move constantly to exhaust their energy. They show patience and tend to be impulsive.

Type 8: Leader
They are always confident and self-assertive. They are good at protecting themselves because they have a good grasp of their strengths and weaknesses. This can be seen as a person who does not respect others.

Type 9: Mediators
He doesn't like to stand out and has a relaxed personality. Because they love peace, it is more important to maintain the status quo than to weigh right or wrong. Therefore, it has a passive and stubborn aspect.

3) How to understand the nine types: wings, integration, division
Eniagram believes that "the basic type of a person does not change, but each personality can change positively or negatively depending on the environment." No one has just one type of personality purely. Everyone forms a personality type by mixing the basic type and the two adjacent types. At this time, the two adjacent types are expressed as "Wing," which affects one's feelings and behavior in addition to the personality type, and two adjacent types on both sides of the basic type become wings. For example, type 1 wings are type 9 and type 2. Each type undergoes the process of 'divisions', which is a negative change, and 'integration', which is a positive change, due to wings.

The lines drawn on the eniagram figure represent the division and integration of each type. Integration means that each type develops. Through growth, you can supplement your shortcomings and become a better person. On the contrary, division is a change that occurs when shortcomings that are revealed impulsively and unconsciously are left unattended for a long time. Divisions appear when basic types of weaknesses begin to emerge, and if left unattended, they can have a negative impact not only on you but also on those around you.

For example, if Type 8 goes through the process of integration, you will be interested in caring for others like Type 2 helper. Through this growth, you can supplement your shortcomings and become a better person. On the contrary, if you go through the process of division, you will have less communication with others like the type of thinker 5, which can highlight the disadvantage of further isolating yourself socially.

3. Precautions
We are often unaware of our character. In the eniagram, it is more important to compare yourself with the results than the test results. With the test results, I need time to talk to acquaintances around me and look back on my true self. The following are the things to be aware of before the test.

① The explanation of all personality types is independent of country and gender.
② Everyone is governed by basic personality types, but several personality types appear in a mixture.
③ Which personality type is better, not worse. Each type has its advantages and disadvantages. However, it is true that there are more recognized and preferred types depending on specific cultures