불법채권추심 대응 방법

불법채권추심 대응 방법

채권추심은 금융거래나 상거래과정에서 발생한 금전채권에 대하여 정당한 사유 없이 채무내용대로 돈을 지불하지 않는 경우 채권자가 채무자에게 상환할 것을 촉구하는 행위이다. 우리나라가 외환위기를 맞은 이후 부실채권이 증가하자 채권자로부터 채권추심을 위임을 받아 채무자에 대해 상환을 요구하는 채권추심전문회사가 많이 생기기도 했다. 채무자 입장에서는 열심히 벌어서 빚을 갚으려고 하지만, 경제적 어려움으로 그렇지 못하는 경우가 많다. 이럴 때 채권자의 불법적인 채권추심이 채무자를 더욱 힘들게 만든다.
채권자가 채무상환을 독촉하는 과정에서 관련 법규를 위반하는 것을 불법채권추심이라고 하는데, 공갈·협박·폭언·폭력을 하는 행위, 야간에 전화를 하거나 문자메시지를 보내는 행위 등이 이에 해당된다. 따라서 채권자 특히, 채권 금융회사의 불법채권추심에 대하여 채무자가 자기 스스로 보호할 수 있도록 대응방안을 알아둘 필요가 있다. 이를 위해 다음과 같은 '채권추심 대응요령 10가지'를 참고하는 것이 좋다.
① 채권추심자의 신분을 확인하자. 채권 추심자가 법원 또는 경찰청 직원을 사칭하거나 사실과 다른 직함을 사용하는 경우가 있다. 이는 모두 불법이다.
② 채권추심 내용과 자신의 채무가 일치하는지 꼼꼼하게 확인하자. 채권추심내용이 자신의 채무와 다른 경우에는 채권추심 중단을 요청하여야 한다.
③ 자신의 채무가 추심제한 대상인지 확인하자. 소멸시효가 완성되었거나 소송이 진행 중이거나 신용회복지원을 신청한 채무에 대해서는 채권자가 추심할 수 없다.
④ 부모자식 간이라도 채무를 대신 변제할 의무는 없음을 명심하자. 채권 추심자가 채무자의 가족, 친지 등에게 연락하여 도의적 책임 등을 언급하면서 대신 갚으라고 요구하는 경우가 있는데, 이는 불법이므로 응할 필요가 없다.
⑤ 채권추심 회사는 압류, 경매 등의 법적조치를 할 수 없다는 점도 명심하자. 채권추심 회사는 채권자를 위해 재산조사, 변제 촉구 등을 대신할 뿐이므로 압류, 경매 등의 법적 조치를 취하겠다고 위협하는 것은 불법이다.
⑥ 채권추심 회사가 채무를 대납해주겠다는 제의를 거절하자. 채무대납을 해주면서 각종 불법행위를 요구하는 경우가 많기 때문이다. 그리고 채무감면은 반드시 채권자가 동의해야 하는 사항이다.
⑦ 채무상환은 채권자의 계좌에 입금하자. 그래야 입금사실을 입증할 수 있다. 채권자와 채권추심 회사 간에 합의한 경우 채권추심 회사의 계좌에 입금할 수 있지만, 이 경우 입금 전에 서면합의 여부를 확인하여야 한다.
⑧ 채무변제 확인서는 5년 이상 보관하자. 채무를 변제하였음에도 또다시 채권추심이 이루어지는 경우가 있는데, 채무변제 확인서를 보관하고 있으면 이에 대응할 수 있다.
⑨ 채권추심 과정을 상세하게 기록하자. 우편물 등을 잘 보관하고, 채권추심 직원의 방문사실, 통화내역 등도 상세히 기록해 두는 것이 좋다. 그래야만 불법채권추심에 대한 입증이 용이하다.
⑩ 불법채권추심 행위가 있는 경우 지체 없이 금융감독원 또는 경찰서에 신고하자. 신고할 때 증거물을 함께 제출하면 좋다. 또 폭력 등의 긴급한 상황에서는 바로 경찰서로 신고하여 도움을 받아야 한다.

[네이버 지식백과] 불법채권추심에 대한 대응 (대학생을 위한 실용 금융, 김용하, 김진영, 박진우, 최철, 오성수, 강전, 박정은)

 

The collection of bonds is an act that urges creditors to repay the debtor if they do not pay the money according to the debt without justifiable reasons for the financial transactions or commercial transactions. As the number of bad debts increased after the financial crisis in Korea, there were many companies specializing in collecting bonds that demanded repayment of debtors by delegating bonds from creditors. In debtors’ view, they try to pay off their debts by making hard work, but often do not because of economic difficulties.
In the process of urging creditors to repay their debts, violating related laws and regulations is called illegal collection of bonds. This includes racketeering, intimidation, verbal abuse, violence, calling at night or sending text messages. Therefore, it is necessary to know how to respond to the debtor's own protection against the illegal collection of bonds by creditors, especially creditor financial companies. To this end, it is recommended to refer to the following 10 "resolution measures".
1 Check the identity of the debt collector; the debt collector may impersonate a court or police officer or use a title that is not true; all of this is illegal.
2 Let's check carefully whether the debt collection is consistent with the debt collection. If the debt collection is different from the debt of the debt, the debt collection shall be requested to be suspended.
3 Make sure that your debt is subject to a restriction on collection. The creditor shall not collect any debt that has been expired, is in the process of litigation, or has applied for credit recovery support.
4 Remember that even if you are a parent, you do not have a duty to repay your debt instead. There are cases where the debt collector contacts the debtor's family, relatives, etc. and refers to moral responsibility and asks them to repay it instead.
5 Keep in mind that the bond collection company can not take legal measures such as seizure and auction. It is illegal for the bond collection company to threaten to take legal measures such as seizure and auction because it only replaces property investigation and reimbursement for creditors.
6 When the debt collection company refuses to offer to pay the debt, it often requires various illegal activities while paying the debt. And debt reduction is something that creditors must agree on.
7 Let’s deposit debts into the creditor’s account so that we can prove the deposit. If the agreement is reached between the creditor and the debt collection company, it may be deposited in the account of the debt collection company, but in such cases, the written agreement shall be confirmed before the deposit.
8 Keep the debt repayment confirmation for more than 5 years. Even if the debt is reimbursed, there are cases where the debt collection is made again.
9 Let's record the bond collection process in detail. It is good to keep the mail well, and to record the visit of the bond collection staff and the call history in detail. Only then can it be easy to prove illegal bond collection.
10 If there is an illegal collection of bonds, let's report it to the Financial Supervisory Service or the police station without delay. In addition, in urgent situations such as violence, you should report to the police station and get help.

[Naver Knowledge Encyclopedia] Responding to the collection of illegal bonds (Practical Finance for College Students, Kim Yong-ha, Kim Jin-young, Park Jin-woo, Choi Cheol, Oh Sung-soo, Kang Jeon, Park Jung-eun)